Writing a Simple Manpage with the -man Macros (Unix Power Tools, 3rd Edition)

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3.22. Writing a Simple Manpage with the -man Macros

If you're not satisfied with the simple manual pages we discussed in Section 3.21, here's how to go all the way and create a "real" manual page. As we said, the best way to create a manual page is to copy one that already exists. So here's a sample for you to copy. Rather than discuss it blow by blow, I'll include lots of comments (these start with .\" or \").

.\" Title: Program name, manual section, and date

1 Section 2.1

.TH GRIND 1
.\" Section heading: NAME, followed by command name and one line summary
.\" It's important to copy this exactly; the "whatis" database (used
.\" for apropos) looks for the summary line.
.SH NAME
grind \- create output from input
.\" Section heading: SYNOPSIS, followed by syntax summary
.SH SYNOPSIS
.B grind              \" .B: bold font; use it for the command name.
[ -b ] [ -c ] [ -d ]  \" Put optional arguments in square brackets.
[ input [ output ]]   \" Arguments can be spread across several lines.
.br                   \" End the synopsis with an explicit line break (.br)
.\" A new section: DESCRIPTION, followed by what the command does
.SH DESCRIPTION
.I Grind       \" .I:  Italic font for the word "Grind"
performs lots of computations. Input to
.IR grind ,    \" .IR: One word italic, next word roman, no space between.
is taken from the file
.IR input ,
and output is sent to the file
.IR output ,
which default to standard input and standard output if not specified.
.\" Another section: now we're going to discuss the -b, -c, and -d options
.SH OPTIONS
.\" The .TP macro precedes each option
.TP
.B \-b  \" print the -b option in bold.
Print output in binary.
.TP
.B \-c  \" \- requests a minus sign, which is preferable to a hyphen (-)
Eliminate ASCII characters from input before processing.
.TP
.B \-d
Cause daemons to overrun your computer.
.\" OK, we're done with the description and the options; now mention
.\" other requirements (like environment and files needed) as well as
.\" what can go wrong. You can add any other sections you want.
.SH FILES
.PD 0
.TP 20
.B /dev/null
data file
.TP
.B /tmp/grind*
temporary file (typically 314.159 Gigabytes)
.PD
.SH BUGS
In order to optimize computational speed, this program always produces
the same result, independent of the input.
.\" Use .LP between paragraphs
.LP
If the moon is full,
.I grind
may destroy your input file. To say nothing of your sex life.
.\" Good manual pages end by stating who wrote the program.
.SH AUTHOR
I wouldn't admit to this hack if my life depended on it.

After all that, you should have noticed that there are four important macros (listed in Table 3-1) to know about.

Table 3-1. Important -man macros

Macro	Meaning
.TH	Title of the manual page.
.SH	Section heading; one for each section.
.TP	Formats options correctly (sets up the "hanging indent").
.LP	Used between paragraphs in a section.

For some arcane reason, all manual pages use the silly .B, .BI, etc. macros to make font changes. I've adhered to this style in the example, but it's much easier to use inline font changes: \fI for italic, \fB for bold, and \fR for roman. There may be some systems on which this doesn't work properly, but I've never seen any.

--ML and SJC


3.21. Make Your Own Manpages Without Learning troff		4. Interacting with Your Environment