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Index: S

Sablotron C library (XSLT support for PHP): 11.4. Transforming XML with XSLT

safe_mode directive (php.ini file): 12.4.4. Safe Mode

SAPI (Server Abstraction API): 14.1. Architectural Overview

14.10.1. SAPI Globals (SG)
getting name of: A.2c. Alphabetical Listing of PHP Functions (j-q)
linking PHP into server via: 15.1.2. Configuring PHP with a Web Server

sapi_globals_struct: 14.10.1. SAPI Globals (SG)

Satellite CORBA Client extension: B.1. Optional Extensions Listing

scalar types: 2.2. Data Types

scalar values: A.2b. Alphabetical Listing of PHP Functions (f-i)

scaling images: 9.7. Scaling Images

in PDF files: 10.4.1. Images

nonproportional scaling: 10.4.1. Images

Schemas for XML documents: 11.1. Lightning Guide to XML

scientific notation: 2.2.2. Floating-Point Numbers

scope: 2.3.3. Variable Scope

overriding with pass by reference: 3.4.2. Passing Parameters by Reference

variables in functions: 3.3. Variable Scope

global, accessing: 3.3.1. Global Variables

<script> tags, enclosing PHP code in: 2.7.4. Script Style

scripts (current), name of ($PHP_SELF variable): 7.2. Variables

search and replace operations

POSIX-style regular expressions: 4.9.3.2. Replacing
with preg_replace( ): 4.10.13.2. Replacing

search engine (mnoGoSearch): B.1. Optional Extensions Listing

searching

array for values: 5.7.6. Searching for Values

strings

functions for: 4.7.4. String-Searching Functions
position, returning: 4.7.4.1. Searches returning position
rest of string, returning: 4.7.4.2. Searches returning rest of string
URLs, decomposing into components: 4.7.4.4. Decomposing URLs
using masks: 4.7.4.3. Searches using masks

Secure Sockets Layer (SSL): 7.7. SSL

security: 12. Security

concealing PHP libraries: 12.5. Concealing PHP Libraries

eval( ) function, risks of: 12.6. PHP Code

file permissions: 12.4. File Permissions

session files: 12.4.2. Session Files

file uploads: 12.3. File Uploads

distrusting browser-supplied filenames: 12.3.1. Distrust Browser-Supplied Filenames
size of uploaded files: 12.3.2. Beware of Filling Your Filesystem
surviving register_globals: 12.3.3. Surviving register_globals

filenames and: 12.2. Filenames

checking for relative paths: 12.2.1. Check for Relative Paths
restricting filesystem access: 12.2.2. Restrict Filesystem Access to a Specific Directory

files, not using: 12.4.3. Don't Use Files

global variables and form data: 12.1. Global Variables and Form Data

initializing variables: 12.1.1. Initialize Variables
variables_order directive in php.ini: 12.1.2. Set variables_order

safe mode for shared servers: 12.4.4. Safe Mode

shell commands: 12.7. Shell Commands

summary of good practices: 12.8. Security Redux

web application: 12. Security

seeding

Mersenne Twister generator: A.2c. Alphabetical Listing of PHP Functions (j-q)
random-number generator: A.3d. Alphabetical Listing of PHP Functions (r-z)

sendmail: 15.2.4. Sending Mail

SEPARATE_ZVAL( ) macro: 14.6.2. SEPARATE_ZVAL( )

sequences, database: 8.4.5. Sequences

serialize( ) function: A.3d. Alphabetical Listing of PHP Functions (r-z)

serializing objects: 6.6. Serialization

_ _sleep( ) and _ _wakeup( ) methods: 6.6. Serialization
logfile (example): 6.6. Serialization

server-side scripting: 1.1. What Does PHP Do?

$_SERVER array: 7.3. Server Information

HTTP request headers, entries for: 7.3. Server Information

servers

Apache (see Apache web servers)
database: 13.5.5.3. MySQL replication
global variables for, controlling: 12.1.2. Set variables_order
$HTTP_SERVER_VARS array: 7.2. Variables
in-process (inproc): 15.3.1. Background
information about ($_SERVER array): 7.3. Server Information
load balancing and redirection: 13.5.5.2. Load balancing and redirection
out-of-process: 15.3.1. Background
with PHP linked in: 14.1. Architectural Overview
remote, YAZ toolkit implementing Z39.50 protocol: B.1. Optional Extensions Listing
reverse proxy caches: 13.5.5. Reverse Proxies and Replication
SAPI (Server Abstraction API) global variables: 14.10.1. SAPI Globals (SG)
Server header: 7.1. HTTP Basics
shared, safe mode for security: 12.4.4. Safe Mode
XML-RPC: 11.5.1. Servers

session files, file permissions and: 12.4.2. Session Files

session tracking: 7.6. Maintaining State

session_destroy( ) function: 7.6.2.1. Session basics

session_is_registered( ) function: 7.6.2.1. Session basics

session_register( ): 7.6.2.1. Session basics

sessions: 7.6.2. Sessions

ab (Apache benchmarking) utility and: 13.5.1. Benchmarking

close handler: 7.6.2.3. Custom storage

combining cookies with: 7.6.3. Combining Cookies and Sessions

destroy handler for: 7.6.2.3. Custom storage

errors, logging to file: 7.6.2.3. Custom storage

garbage collection handler: 7.6.2.3. Custom storage

open handler: 7.6.2.3. Custom storage

read and write handlers: 7.6.2.3. Custom storage

registering variables for: 7.6.2.1. Session basics

session IDs

expiration of cookies: 7.6.2.1. Session basics
storing in cookies: 7.6.2. Sessions
storing in form fields or URLs: 7.6.2.2. Alternatives to cookies

session information storage, customizing: 7.6.2.3. Custom storage

setting page-color preferences with: 7.6.2.1. Session basics

using preferences from: 7.6.2.1. Session basics

session_set_save_handler( ) function: 7.6.2.3. Custom storage

7.6.2.3. Custom storage

session_start( ) function: 7.6.2.1. Session basics

7.6.2.3. Custom storage

session_unregister( ) function: 7.6.2.1. Session basics

setcookie( ) function: 7.5. Setting Response Headers

7.6.1. Cookies
A.3d. Alphabetical Listing of PHP Functions (r-z)

set_error_handler( ) function: 13.4.4. Defining Error Handlers

A.3d. Alphabetical Listing of PHP Functions (r-z)

set_file_buffer( ) function: A.3d. Alphabetical Listing of PHP Functions (r-z)

setlocale( ) function: A.3d. Alphabetical Listing of PHP Functions (r-z)

sets, implementing with arrays: 5.10.1. Sets

set_time_limit( ) function: A.3d. Alphabetical Listing of PHP Functions (r-z)

settype( ) function: A.3d. Alphabetical Listing of PHP Functions (r-z)

SGML, embedding PHP with SGML tags: 2.7.2. SGML Style

shell-based PHP programs: 1.4.5. From the Shell

shell commands: A.2c. Alphabetical Listing of PHP Functions (j-q)

A.3d. Alphabetical Listing of PHP Functions (r-z)
opening pipe to process executed on: A.2c. Alphabetical Listing of PHP Functions (j-q)
security and: 12.7. Shell Commands
Unix and Windows: 15.2.9. External Commands

shell-style comments: 2.1.4.1. Shell-style comments

shell_exec( ) function: A.3d. Alphabetical Listing of PHP Functions (r-z)

shmop extension: B.1. Optional Extensions Listing

Shockwave Flash movies

Ming library: B.1. Optional Extensions Listing
SWF extension for creating: B.1. Optional Extensions Listing

short tags: 2.7.2. SGML Style

shortcuts in database queries: 8.4.3. Shortcuts

shuffle( ) function: 5.8.5. Randomizing Order

A.3d. Alphabetical Listing of PHP Functions (r-z)

shutdown function, registering: A.3d. Alphabetical Listing of PHP Functions (r-z)

shutdown or close function (extensions), triggering resource cleanup: 2.2.7. Resources

side effects of a function: 3.1. Calling a Function

3.4.2. Passing Parameters by Reference

sign specifier (printf( ) format modifier): 4.2.3.1. Format modifiers

similar_text( ) function: 4.6.2. Approximate Equality

A.3d. Alphabetical Listing of PHP Functions (r-z)

sin( ) function: 3.1. Calling a Function

A.3d. Alphabetical Listing of PHP Functions (r-z)

size

of files: 9.6.1. Caching the Dynamically Generated Buttons
of images, scaling: 9.7. Scaling Images

sizeof( ) function: 5.3.3. Getting the Size of an Array

A.3d. Alphabetical Listing of PHP Functions (r-z)

sleep( ) function: A.3d. Alphabetical Listing of PHP Functions (r-z)

_ _sleep( ) method: 6.6. Serialization

slicing arrays: 5.5.1. Slicing an Array

SMTP servers: 15.2.4. Sending Mail

SNMP extension: B.1. Optional Extensions Listing

SOAP protocol: 11.5. Web Services

socket_get_status( ) function: A.3d. Alphabetical Listing of PHP Functions (r-z)

sockets

extension for: B.1. Optional Extensions Listing
SSL: 7.7. SSL

socket_set_blocking( ) function: A.3d. Alphabetical Listing of PHP Functions (r-z)

socket_set_timeout( ) function: A.3d. Alphabetical Listing of PHP Functions (r-z)

software tools for writing PHP extensions: 14.2.2. Software Tools

sort( ) function: 5.8.1. Sorting One Array at a Time

A.3d. Alphabetical Listing of PHP Functions (r-z)

sorting

arrays: 2.2.5. Arrays

5.8. Sorting

multiple arrays at once: 5.8.3. Sorting Multiple Arrays at Once

in natural order: 5.8.2. Natural-Order Sorting

A.2c. Alphabetical Listing of PHP Functions (j-q)

PHP functions for: 5.8.1. Sorting One Array at a Time

in random order: 5.8.5. Randomizing Order

A.3d. Alphabetical Listing of PHP Functions (r-z)

in reverse order: 5.8.4. Reversing Arrays

A.2c. Alphabetical Listing of PHP Functions (j-q)
A.3d. Alphabetical Listing of PHP Functions (r-z)

in user-defined order: 5.8.1. Sorting One Array at a Time

using anonymous function: 3.7. Anonymous Functions

with user-defined function: A.3d. Alphabetical Listing of PHP Functions (r-z)

strings: 5.8.2. Natural-Order Sorting

A.3d. Alphabetical Listing of PHP Functions (r-z)

soundex( ) function: 4.6.2. Approximate Equality

A.3d. Alphabetical Listing of PHP Functions (r-z)

source code (PHP), downloading CVS version: 14.2.1. The PHP Source

special characters

in regular expressions: 4.8.1. The Basics
security risks in shell commands: 12.7. Shell Commands

spelling

aspell library: B.1. Optional Extensions Listing
pspell library: B.1. Optional Extensions Listing

split( ) function: 4.9.3.3. Splitting

A.3d. Alphabetical Listing of PHP Functions (r-z)

spliti( ) function: A.3d. Alphabetical Listing of PHP Functions (r-z)

splitting

arrays into chunks: 5.5.2. Splitting an Array into Chunks
regular expression pattern matches: 4.10.13.3. Splitting
strings into arrays of smaller chunks: 4.8. Regular Expressions
strings into smaller chunks: 4.9.3.3. Splitting

sprintf( ) function: A.3d. Alphabetical Listing of PHP Functions (r-z)

SQL (Structured Query Language)

escaping string literals in queries: 4.5.3. SQL
Microsoft SQL Server extension: B.1. Optional Extensions Listing
mSQL extension: B.1. Optional Extensions Listing
Ovrimos SQL extension: B.1. Optional Extensions Listing
placeholders in queries: 8.4.1. Placeholders
portability of queries: 8.1. Using PHP to Access a Database
relational databases and: 8.2. Relational Databases and SQL
statements performing queries: 8.3.4. Issuing a Query

sql_regcase( ) function: A.3d. Alphabetical Listing of PHP Functions (r-z)

sqrt( ) function: A.3d. Alphabetical Listing of PHP Functions (r-z)

Squid proxy cache: 13.5.5.1. Reverse-proxy cache

SquidGuard, adding redirection logic: 13.5.5.2. Load balancing and redirection

srand( ) function: A.3d. Alphabetical Listing of PHP Functions (r-z)

sscanf( ) function: 4.7.3.3. sscanf( )

A.3d. Alphabetical Listing of PHP Functions (r-z)

SSL (Secure Sockets Layer): 7.7. SSL

stacks, implementing with arrays: 5.10.2. Stacks

standalone extensions: 14.3.5.1. Standalone extensions

start and end element handlers: 11.3.1. Element Handlers

start value of strings: 4.7.1. Substrings

starting point, graphics in PDF files: 10.4.2. Graphics

stat( ) function: A.3d. Alphabetical Listing of PHP Functions (r-z)

state

debugger program for printing stack trace: 5.10.2. Stacks

maintaining between requests: 7.6. Maintaining State

combining cookies and sessions: 7.6.3. Combining Cookies and Sessions
cookies: 7.6. Maintaining State
session tracking: 7.6. Maintaining State
sessions: 7.6.2. Sessions

statements

flow-control: 2.5. Flow-Control Statements

declare: 2.5.6. declare
exit and return: 2.5.7. exit and return
for: 2.5.4. for
foreach: 2.5.5. foreach
if statement: 2.5.1. if
switch: 2.5.2. switch
while: 2.5.3. while

return: 3.2. Defining a Function

semicolons (;) in: 2.1.2. Statements and Semicolons

static methods: 6.3. Accessing Properties and Methods

declaring: 6.4.1. Declaring Methods

static variables: 2.3.3.3. Static variables

3.3.2. Static Variables

status codes, HTTP response: 7.1. HTTP Basics

stdClass (reserved class name): 6.4. Declaring a Class

STD_PHP_INI_ENTRY( ) macro: 14.12. Extension INI Entries

sticky forms: 7.4.5. Sticky Forms

sticky multi-valued parameters, HTML forms: 7.4.7. Sticky Multivalued Parameters

storing data in arrays: 5.3. Storing Data in Arrays

adding values to end of array: 5.3.1. Adding Values to the End of an Array
assigning range of values: 5.3.2. Assigning a Range of Values
getting array size: 5.3.3. Getting the Size of an Array
padding: 5.3.4. Padding an Array

strcasecmp( ) function: 4.6.1. Exact Comparisons

A.3d. Alphabetical Listing of PHP Functions (r-z)

strchr( ) function: 4.7.4.2. Searches returning rest of string

A.3d. Alphabetical Listing of PHP Functions (r-z)

strcmp( ) function: 2.4.8. Comparison Operators

4.6.1. Exact Comparisons
A.3d. Alphabetical Listing of PHP Functions (r-z)

strcoll( ) function: A.3d. Alphabetical Listing of PHP Functions (r-z)

strcspn( ) function: 4.7.4.3. Searches using masks

A.3d. Alphabetical Listing of PHP Functions (r-z)

streaming PDF documents: 10.2.6. Terminating and Streaming a PDF Document

strftime( ) function: A.3d. Alphabetical Listing of PHP Functions (r-z)

striking out text in PDF files: 10.3.3. Text Attributes

(string) casting operator: 2.4.11. Casting Operators

string literals: 2.2.3. Strings

strings: 2.2.3. Strings

2.4.7. Autoincrement and Autodecrement Operators

4. Strings

A.2b. Alphabetical Listing of PHP Functions (f-i)

accessing individual characters: 4.3. Accessing Individual Characters

as keys to associative arrays: 5.1. Indexed Versus Associative Arrays

breaking into chunks (example): 7.4.2. Parameters

C-string encoding: 4.5.4. C-String Encoding

changing case of: 4.4.2. Changing Case

characters, converting into HTML entity equivalents: 4.5.1.1. Entity-quoting all special characters

comparing: 2.4.8. Comparison Operators

4.6. Comparing Strings

for approximate equality: 4.6.2. Approximate Equality

for equality: 2.2.3. Strings

4.6.1. Exact Comparisons

concatenating: 2.4.4. Implicit Casting

. operator: 2.4.6. String Concatenation Operator
strcat( ) function: 3.2. Defining a Function

containing numbers, sorting in correct order: 5.8.2. Natural-Order Sorting

converting

between encodings, iconv extension: B.1. Optional Extensions Listing

to numbers: 2.4.4. Implicit Casting

to/from URL encoding: 4.5.2. URLs

9.6. Dynamically Generated Buttons

extension functions returning: 14.8.1. Simple Types

functions for manipulating and searching: 4.7. Manipulating and Searching Strings

A.1. PHP Functions by Category
exploding and imploding: 4.7.3. Decomposing a String
padding: 4.7.2. Miscellaneous String Functions
repeating: 4.7.2. Miscellaneous String Functions
reversing: 4.7.2. Miscellaneous String Functions
search functions: 4.7.4. String-Searching Functions
splitting on regular expression pattern boundary: A.3d. Alphabetical Listing of PHP Functions (r-z)
substrings: 4.7.1. Substrings
tokenizing: 4.7.3.2. Tokenizing

HTML, converting special characters to entities: 4.5.1. HTML

HTML meta tags, extracting from: 4.5.1.4. Extracting meta tags

HTML tags, removing from: 4.5.1.3. Removing HTML tags

length of, strlen( ) function (example): 3.1. Calling a Function

null-terminated, in extensions: 14.6. The pval/zval Data Type

printing: 4.2. Printing Strings

with echo: 4.2.1. echo
with print( ) function: 4.2.2. print( )
with printf( ) function: 4.2.3. printf( )
with print_r( ) function: 4.2.4. print_r( ) and var_dump( )
with var_dump( ) function: 4.2.4. print_r( ) and var_dump( )

quoting in PHP array keys: 5.2. Identifying Elements of an Array

quoting string constants: 4.1. Quoting String Constants

in double-quoted strings: 4.1.3. Double-Quoted Strings
in here documents: 4.1.4. Here Documents
in single-quoted strings: 4.1.2. Single-Quoted Strings
in variable interpolation: 4.1.1. Variable Interpolation

regular expressions, using on: 4.8. Regular Expressions

Perl-compatible regular expressions: 4.10. Perl-Compatible Regular Expressions
POSIX-style regular expressions: 4.9. POSIX-Style Regular Expressions

removing whitespace from: 4.4.1. Removing Whitespace

similarity between, calculating: A.3d. Alphabetical Listing of PHP Functions (r-z)

SQL queries, escaping string literals in: 4.5.3. SQL

trimming characters from end: A.3d. Alphabetical Listing of PHP Functions (r-z)

for XML error reporting: 11.3.8. Errors

stripcslashes( ) function: A.3d. Alphabetical Listing of PHP Functions (r-z)

single-character escapes: 4.5.4. C-String Encoding

stripping unwanted file permissions: 12.4.1. Get It Right the First Time

stripslashes( ) function: 4.5.3. SQL

A.3d. Alphabetical Listing of PHP Functions (r-z)
using on $_GET, $_POST, and $_COOKIES: 7.4.3. Automatic Quoting of Parameters

strip_tags( ) function: 4.5.1.3. Removing HTML tags

A.3d. Alphabetical Listing of PHP Functions (r-z)

stristr( ) function: 4.7.4.2. Searches returning rest of string

A.3d. Alphabetical Listing of PHP Functions (r-z)

strlen( ) function: 3.1. Calling a Function

A.3d. Alphabetical Listing of PHP Functions (r-z)
accessing individual string characters: 4.3. Accessing Individual Characters

strnatcasecmp( ) function: 4.6.1. Exact Comparisons

strnatcmp( ) function: 4.6.1. Exact Comparisons

A.3d. Alphabetical Listing of PHP Functions (r-z)

strncasecmp( ) function: 4.6.1. Exact Comparisons

strncmp( ) function: 4.6.1. Exact Comparisons

A.3d. Alphabetical Listing of PHP Functions (r-z)

stroking

graphic paths: 10.4.2. Graphics

patterns for: 10.4.3. Patterns

text: 10.3.3. Text Attributes

str_pad( ) function: 4.7.2. Miscellaneous String Functions

A.3d. Alphabetical Listing of PHP Functions (r-z)

strpos( ) function: 4.7.4.1. Searches returning position

A.3d. Alphabetical Listing of PHP Functions (r-z)

strrchr( ) function: 4.7.4.2. Searches returning rest of string

A.3d. Alphabetical Listing of PHP Functions (r-z)

str_repeat( ) function: 4.7.2. Miscellaneous String Functions

A.3d. Alphabetical Listing of PHP Functions (r-z)

str_replace( ) function: A.3d. Alphabetical Listing of PHP Functions (r-z)

strrev( ) function: 4.7.2. Miscellaneous String Functions

A.3d. Alphabetical Listing of PHP Functions (r-z)

strrpos( ) function: 4.7.4.1. Searches returning position

A.3d. Alphabetical Listing of PHP Functions (r-z)

strspn( ) function: 4.7.4.3. Searches using masks

A.3d. Alphabetical Listing of PHP Functions (r-z)

strstr( ) function: 4.7.4.2. Searches returning rest of string

A.3d. Alphabetical Listing of PHP Functions (r-z)

strtok( ) function: 4.7.3.2. Tokenizing

A.3d. Alphabetical Listing of PHP Functions (r-z)

strtolower( ) function: 4.4.2. Changing Case

A.3d. Alphabetical Listing of PHP Functions (r-z)

strtoupper( ): 4.4.2. Changing Case

strtoupper( ) function: A.3d. Alphabetical Listing of PHP Functions (r-z)

strtr( ) function: A.3d. Alphabetical Listing of PHP Functions (r-z)

structs

storing extensionwide global C variables in: 14.10.3. Internal Extension Globals
storing resources in: 14.13. Resources

strval( ) function: A.3d. Alphabetical Listing of PHP Functions (r-z)

stylesheets (XSLT): 11.4. Transforming XML with XSLT

B.1. Optional Extensions Listing

subclasses: 6.1. Terminology

A.2b. Alphabetical Listing of PHP Functions (f-i)

subpatterns in regular expressions: 4.8.5. Subpatterns

nesting: 4.10.7. Backreferences
non-capturing groups: 4.10.6. Non-Capturing Groups
replacing matched strings in: 4.9.3.2. Replacing

substituting new text for matching text: 4.8. Regular Expressions

substitution markers in printf( ) format string: 4.2.3. printf( )

substr( ) function: 4.7.1. Substrings

A.3d. Alphabetical Listing of PHP Functions (r-z)

substr_count( ) function: 4.7.1. Substrings

A.3d. Alphabetical Listing of PHP Functions (r-z)

substr_replace( ) function: 4.7.1. Substrings

A.3d. Alphabetical Listing of PHP Functions (r-z)

subtraction (-) operator: 2.4.5. Arithmetic Operators

sum, calculating for an array: 5.9.1. Calculating the Sum of an Array

superclasses: 6.1. Terminology

suppressing errors: 13.4.2. Error Suppression

Suraski, Zeev: 1.2.1. The Evolution of PHP

SWF (Shockwave Flash) extension: B.1. Optional Extensions Listing

switch statements: 2.5.2. switch

fall-through cases in: 2.5.2. switch

Sybase extension: B.1. Optional Extensions Listing

symbol table: 2.3.4. Garbage Collection

symbol_table global variable: 14.10.2. Executor Globals (EG)

symlink( ) function: A.3d. Alphabetical Listing of PHP Functions (r-z)

syslog( ) function: A.3d. Alphabetical Listing of PHP Functions (r-z)

system( ) function: A.3d. Alphabetical Listing of PHP Functions (r-z)

security risks with shell commands: 12.7. Shell Commands

System V Semaphores and Shared Memory extensions: B.1. Optional Extensions Listing

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