Symbols & Numbers | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z

Index: P

:p operator: 30.11. Check Your History First with :p

^^ history substitution, using with: 30.5. My Favorite Is ^^

p (print) command, sed editor: 34.17. The Deliberate Scrivener

packages, Python: 42.3.4. Modules and Packages

packed file extension: 1.12. Filename Extensions

packets: 46.1.1. Internet Protocol (IP)

packing files (see archives compression)

page description languages: 45.14. Printing Languages — PostScript, PCL, DVI, PDF

consistency of: 45.14. Printing Languages — PostScript, PCL, DVI, PDF

page size for printing: 45.7. Formatting Plain Text: enscript

PAGER environment variable: 35.5. Predefined Environment Variables

pager programs, more, displaying sed output: 34.4.1. checksed

pagers: 12.3. "less" is More

-s option to squash extra blank lines: 12.7. Squash Extra Blank Lines

redirecting input/output to: 43.4. Problems Piping to a Pager

shell debugging output, piping to: 37.1.1. Use -xv

pagers, piping shell loop output to: 2.4. Searching Online Manual Pages

paircheck script: 16.8. Looking for Closure

paired item checking: 16.8. Looking for Closure

PalmOS, terminal emulators on: 5.2. The Idea of a Terminal Database

PAM (Pluggable Authentication Modules): 51.5. General and Authentication Problems

paragraphs, preserving with fmt: 21.2. Neatening Text with fmt

parameter expansion

command-line argument quoting, errors caused by: 37.5. Quoting and Command-Line Parameters

shortcuts: 37.5. Quoting and Command-Line Parameters

parameter substitution

: (colon) used in: 36.6. The Unappreciated Bourne Shell ":" Operator

: used in: 36.7. Parameter Substitution

examples of: 36.7. Parameter Substitution

parameters, command-line (see command-line arguments)

parent-child relationships, environment variables and: 35.4. Parent-Child Relationships

parent directory: 1.16. Making Pathnames

10.2. What's Really in a Directory?

creating: 7.8. Making Directories Made Easier

links to: 10.4.2. Links to a Directory

listing in cdpath variable: 31.5. Saving Time When You Change Directories: cdpath

parent process: 24.3. Managing Processes: Overall Concepts

PID for: 24.5. The ps Command

parent process ID (PPID): 24.19. Why You Can't Kill a Zombie

parsing

command-line: 27.7. Wildcards Inside Aliases

command-line arguments: 35.24. Standard Command-Line Parsing

35.25.2. Setting (and Parsing) Parameters

35.25.4. Watch Your Quoting

HTML, Python module for: 42.4. Python and the Web

42.7. htmllib and HTMLParser

strings using sed editor: 36.23.4. Using sed

strings with set command: 36.23.3. Using set and IFS

partitioning disks: 44.4. Disk Partitioning

passmass script: 28.18.2. Automating /bin/passwd

passwd command: 28.18.2. Automating /bin/passwd

passwd file: 1.17. File Access Permissions

root password, resetting: 49.3. Forgetting the root Password

users, adding entry for: 49.2. When Does a User Become a User

passwords

access by attackers: 48.5. What We Mean by DoS

for VNC server: 47.7.1. Connecting to a Windows VNC server

empty, SSH server not allowing: 51.5. General and Authentication Problems

groups: 50.2.2. Which Group is Which?

local resources shared with SMB network: 47.2. Installing and Configuring Samba

root, forgetting: 49.3. Forgetting the root Password

Samba, clear text vs. encrypted: 47.3. Securing Samba

for SMB server: 47.3. Securing Samba

system file: 1.7. Which Shell Am I Running?

paste program: 21.18. Pasting Things in Columns

pasting text

between vi's: 17.24. Using vi Abbreviations as Commands (Cut and Paste Between vi's)

from window systems into vi: 18.5. Keymaps for Pasting into a Window Running vi

in tty-type virtual consoles with the mouse: 23.12.2. Scrolling, Using a Mouse

pasting text in xterm windows: 5.13. Simple Copy and Paste in xterm

between windows: 5.21. Tips for Copy and Paste Between Windows

xclipboard, using: 5.19. Working with xclipboard

patch program: 20.1. Why Line Editors Aren't Dinosaurs

20.9. patch: Generalized Updating of Files That Differ

context diffs, use of: 11.3. Context diffs

PATH environment variable: 29.13.2. FPATH Search Path

35.5. Predefined Environment Variables

35.6. The PATH Environment Variable

command version, getting: 2.6. Which Version Am I Using?

finding commands: 35.3. What Environment Variables Are Good For

path shell variable and: 35.7. PATH and path

searching with #!: 36.4. Making #! Search the PATH

shell functions, searching for: 29.13.2. FPATH Search Path

path shell variable: 35.7. PATH and path

pathnames

absolute: 1.9. Internal and External Commands

avoiding in archives: 39.3. GNU tar Sampler

tar utility, avoiding use with: 38.11. Avoid Absolute Paths with tar

editing: 4.6. Faster Prompt Setting with Built-ins

Emacs, PWD variable and: 19.9. Unset PWD Before Using Emacs

filenames stripped from: 36.13.1. Introduction to basename and dirname

files archived on tape drives: 38.6.1. Restoring a Few Files

GNU tar backups to remote tape drive: 38.8. Using GNU tar with a Remote Tape Drive

head of, returning with :h operator: 28.5. String Editing (Colon) Operators

links to: 10.8. Showing the Actual Filenames for Symbolic Links

login shell: 35.5. Predefined Environment Variables

matching with wildcard expressions in GNU tar: 38.10.2. With GNU tar

relative: 31.2. Using Relative and Absolute Pathnames

(see also relative pathnames)

absolute vs.: 31.2. Using Relative and Absolute Pathnames

script, testing for: 36.8. Save Disk Space and Programming: Multiple Names for a Program

in shell setup files: 3.7. Use Absolute Pathnames in Shell Setup Files

stripped from filenames: 36.13.1. Introduction to basename and dirname

symbols in: 35.20.1. With the "$@" Parameter

tail of, returning with :t operator: 28.5. String Editing (Colon) Operators

wildcards in: 33.1. File-Naming Wildcards

reasons not to use: 33.5. Maybe You Shouldn't Use Wildcards in Pathnames

paths

changing in shell startup files: 27.6. Controlling Shell Command Searches

echo $PATH command, finding directory pathnames: 7.4. A bin Directory for Your Programs and Scripts

local, sharing with SMB network: 47.2. Installing and Configuring Samba

in Perl scripts: 41.5.1. Scalars

search paths, shells: 27.3.4. Shell Search Paths

27.6. Controlling Shell Command Searches

27.6. Controlling Shell Command Searches

(see also search path)

set path command, hung terminals and: 5.6. Checklist: Terminal Hangs When I Log In

tail of each path in dirs output for C shell prompt: 4.14. dirs in Your Prompt: Better Than $cwd

in URIs: 40.6.1. Configuring the sources.list File

pattern-expansion characters ({ }): 28.4. Build Strings with { }

pattern matching: 17.13. Moving Blocks of Text by Patterns

32.1. That's an Expression

32.1. That's an Expression

(see also regular expressions)

in case statements: 36.25. Testing Two Strings with One case Statement

compound searches with vi: 17.22. vi Compound Searches

global commands useful with: 17.14. Useful Global Commands (with Pattern Matches)

lowercase letters: 17.16. Capitalizing Every Word on a Line

quick reference: 32.21. Pattern Matching Quick Reference with Examples

replacement patterns: 32.21. Pattern Matching Quick Reference with Examples

search and replace commands: 32.21.2. Examples of Searching and Replacing

search patterns: 32.21. Pattern Matching Quick Reference with Examples

replacement patterns: 32.15. Extended Regular Expressions

search patterns in vi editor: 17.8. Using Search Patterns and Global Commands

global searches: 17.8.1. Global Searches

wildcards in case statements: 35.11. Pattern Matching in case Statements

pattern-matching operators ~ and !~: 20.10.7. Alphabetical Summary of Commands

pattern space (sed editor): 34.14. Hold Space: The Set-Aside Buffer

34.17. The Deliberate Scrivener

deleting contents with d command: 34.19. Multiline Delete

deleting portion of with D command: 34.19. Multiline Delete

edits across line boundaries: 34.16. Making Edits Across Line Boundaries

patterns: 32.1. That's an Expression

32.1. That's an Expression

(see also regular expressions; replacement patterns; search patterns)

aliases matching a wildcard-type pattern in zsh: 29.6. zsh Aliases

awk utility: 20.10.2. Patterns and Procedures

csplit program, for searches: 21.10. Splitting Files by Context: csplit

job control mechanism, use of: 23.3. Using jobs Effectively

matching in Expect program: 28.18. Expect

regular expressions vs. wildcards (file-matching patterns): 32.2. Don't Confuse Regular Expressions with Wildcards

replacement, valid regular expression metacharacters for: 32.20. Valid Metacharacters for Different Unix Programs

in sed: 34.17. The Deliberate Scrivener

pausing scripts: 25.1. Building Software Robots the Easy Way

pbm (portable bitmap) format: 45.19. The Portable Bitmap Package

pbmplus package: 45.19. The Portable Bitmap Package

PCL (Printer Command Language): 45.14. Printing Languages — PostScript, PCL, DVI, PDF

PCs

keyboard, CTRL and CAPS LOCK: 6.1. Defining Keys and Button Presses with xmodmap

partitioning PC BIOS disk: 44.4. Disk Partitioning

text files, removing carriage returns from: 21.11. Hacking on Characters with tr

Universal Serial Bus (USB), support of: 44.12. USB Configuration

PDF: 45.14. Printing Languages — PostScript, PCL, DVI, PDF

pdksh (public domain Korn shell): 1.6. There Are Many Shells

27.1. What the Shell Does

aliases: 29.5. Korn-Shell Aliases

command-line editing: 30.14.4. ksh Editing

FPATH environment variable for shell functions: 29.13.2.1. Korn shell

history file: 30.13. Pass History to Another Shell

performance: 26.1. Timing Is Everything

displaying running commands: 26.3. What Commands Are Running and How Long Do They Take?

global and local problems: 26.1. Timing Is Everything

problems with, checking for security breaches: 48.6. Beware of Sluggish Performance

I/O statistics: 48.6.4. Other Checks

network connections: 48.6.3. Check Network Connections

processes: 48.6.1. Check Processes

swap space: 48.6.2. Checking Swap Space

virtual memory statistics: 48.6.4. Other Checks

process scheduling at lower priority with nice: 26.5. Know When to Be "nice" to Other Users...and When Not To

system load, checking with uptime: 26.4. Checking System Load: uptime

timing processes: 26.1. Timing Is Everything

timing programs: 26.2. Timing Programs

period (.) , under Symbols) (see . (dot)

PERIOD shell variable: 4.16. Preprompt, Pre-execution, and Periodic Commands

periodic commands: 4.16. Preprompt, Pre-execution, and Periodic Commands

periodic execution of programs: 25.2. Periodic Program Execution: The cron Facility

crontab entries, adding: 25.3. Adding crontab Entries

shortcuts to creating: 25.2.2. A Little Help, etc.

standard input, including in cron entry: 25.4. Including Standard Input Within a cron Entry

Perl: 41.1. High-Octane Shell Scripting

branching and looping: 41.6. Perl Boot Camp, Part 3: Branching and Looping

bug reports, filing: 41.2. Checking your Perl Installation

commenting RCS files: 39.5. RCS Basics

compiling: 41.3. Compiling Perl from Scratch

configuration information: 41.2. Checking your Perl Installation

configuring, Configure shell script: 41.3. Compiling Perl from Scratch

CPAN, library modules on: 22.8. Sorting a List of People by Last Name

data types: 41.5. Perl Boot Camp, Part 2: Variables and Data Types

documentation, Plain Old Documentation (POD) system: 41.4. Perl Boot Camp, Part 1: Typical Script Anatomy

documentation (perldoc system): 41.1. High-Octane Shell Scripting

fields, cutting: 21.14. Cutting Columns or Fields

File::Find module: 8.16. oldlinks: Find Unconnected Symbolic Links

grep, simulating actions of: 13.1. Different Versions of grep

installation, checking: 41.2. Checking your Perl Installation

interpreter (perl): 41.2. Checking your Perl Installation

line-by-line and search using: 13.10. Compound Searches

modules, using in scripts: 41.4. Perl Boot Camp, Part 1: Typical Script Anatomy

offset script: 21.7. offset: Indent Text

pattern matching (see regular expressions)

programming in Emacs, editing modes for: 19.2. Emacs Features: A Laundry List

Python vs.: 42.10. What About Perl?

regular expression syntax for ranges: 32.9. Regular Expressions: Exceptions in a Character Set

regular expressions: 41.7. Perl Boot Camp, Part 4: Pattern Matching

documentation for: 32.21. Pattern Matching Quick Reference with Examples

scripts, anatomy of typical: 41.4. Perl Boot Camp, Part 1: Typical Script Anatomy

sl script: 10.8. Showing the Actual Filenames for Symbolic Links

sorting lines by length: 22.7. lensort: Sort Lines by Length

sorting names by surname, script for: 22.8. Sorting a List of People by Last Name

Text::Autoformat module: 21.3. Alternatives to fmt

Unix-like operators: 41.8. Perl Boot Camp, Part 5: Perl Knows Unix

unlink( ) system call, using: 14.14. Using unlink to Remove a File with a Strange Name

variables: 41.4. Perl Boot Camp, Part 1: Typical Script Anatomy

41.5. Perl Boot Camp, Part 2: Variables and Data Types

arrays: 41.5.2. Arrays

hash: 41.5.3. Hashes

scalar: 41.5.1. Scalars

versions: 41.2. Checking your Perl Installation

41.3. Compiling Perl from Scratch

perl interpreter: 41.2. Checking your Perl Installation

-perm operator (find command): 9.15. Searching for Files by Permission

permissions: 50.2. Tutorial on File and Directory Permissions

changes, handling with aliases: 50.7. Protect Important Files: Make Them Unwritable

changing with chmod: 50.5. Using chmod to Change File Permission

= operator: 50.6. The Handy chmod = Operator

for executable files: 35.1. Writing a Simple Shell Program

execute permission

without read permission: 50.10. A Directory That People Can Access but Can't List

files managed by team of people: 50.2.1. User, Group, and World

finding files by: 9.15. Searching for Files by Permission

fully accessible directory within unreadable directory: 50.10. A Directory That People Can Access but Can't List

group, in directory with setgid bit: 49.5. Group Permissions in a Directory with the setgid Bit

group-write: 50.2.2. Which Group is Which?

searching for and removing: 9.9. Running Commands on What You Find

groups that deny: 49.7. Add Users to a Group to Deny Permissions

50.2.1. User, Group, and World

information neither personal nor modifiable: 50.2.1. User, Group, and World

lockfiles: 36.27. Shell Lockfile

managing: 50.11. Juggling Permissions

modifying files without write access: 50.9. A Loophole: Modifying Files Without Write Access

octal number, writing as: 50.2.1. User, Group, and World

personal information: 50.2.1. User, Group, and World

read-only: 50.7. Protect Important Files: Make Them Unwritable

remote directory backups and: 38.7. Using tar to a Remote Tape Drive

security and: 48.2. CERT Security Checklists

set incorrectly: 27.1. What the Shell Does

shell scripts: 50.13. Shell Scripts Must Be Readable and (Usually) Executable

sticky bit: 50.4. Protecting Files with the Sticky Bit

umask command: 31.13. Automatic Setup When You Enter/Exit a Directory

50.2.1. User, Group, and World

personal directories: 7.5. Private (Personal) Directories

personal word list, ispell program: 16.5. Adding Words to ispell's Dictionary

pg program, piping to: 43.4. Problems Piping to a Pager

pgm (graymap) format: 45.19. The Portable Bitmap Package

pick script: 24.16.2. zap

PID (see process ID)

pid (process ID), killing jobs by: 23.1. Job Control in a Nutshell

pid (process IDs): 23.2.2. Using Job Control from Your Shell

Pike, Rob: 24.16.2. zap

ping program: 46.4. Where, Oh Where Did That Packet Go?

pipelines

exit status of: 35.12. Exit Status of Unix Processes

starting with cat command: 43.2. One Argument with a cat Isn't Enough

pipes: 1.5. Programs Are Designed to Work Together

buffering output: 43.8. Send Output Two or More Places

commands joined with: 35.1. Writing a Simple Shell Program

copying directory trees: 10.13. Copying Directory Trees with tar and Pipes

10.13. Copying Directory Trees with tar and Pipes

find output to xargs ls -l: 9.13. Searching for Files by Type

locate command output to xargs: 9.18. Using "Fast find" Databases

ls command output: 8.4. List All Subdirectories with ls -R

ps command in: 24.5. The ps Command

redirecting input/output: 43.1. Using Standard Input and Output

43.1. Using Standard Input and Output

|& operator: 43.5. Redirection in C Shell: Capture Errors, Too?

named pipes (FIFOs): 43.11. Named Pipes: FIFOs

to pagers: 43.4. Problems Piping to a Pager

tpipe command: 43.10. Redirecting Output to More Than One Place

redirecting standard error (but not standard output): 43.3. Send (Only) Standard Error Down a Pipe

pixmaps: 45.19. The Portable Bitmap Package

pkg_add utility: 40.10. Installing with FreeBSD Packages

Plan 9 operating system: 1.6. There Are Many Shells

1.6. There Are Many Shells

Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM): 51.5. General and Authentication Problems

plus sign (see +, under Symbols)

pnm graphic format: 45.19. The Portable Bitmap Package

Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)

configuring connection for gatewaying: 46.13. Gatewaying from a Personal LAN over a Modem

setting up dialup session: 44.11. Setting Up a Dialup PPP Session

pointers

to other files or directories (see symbolic links)

PTR record for IP address: 46.3. Status and Troubleshooting

for screen navigation: 5.9. Working with xterm and Friends

pop operator (Perl): 41.5.2. Arrays

popd command: 4.8. Session Info in Window Title or Status Line

4.14. dirs in Your Prompt: Better Than $cwd

31.7. The Shells' pushd and popd Commands

clearing directory stack with: 31.7. The Shells' pushd and popd Commands

portable bitmap format: 45.19. The Portable Bitmap Package

Portable Bitmap Package: 45.19. The Portable Bitmap Package

portable graymap format: 45.19. The Portable Bitmap Package

portable pixmap formats: 45.19. The Portable Bitmap Package

ports

firewalls and: 46.12. Firewalls

HTTP requests: 46.11. Gateways and NAT

IP addresses and: 46.1.2. Layer 4 Protocols: TCP, UDP, and ICMP

numbers for: 46.1.2. Layer 4 Protocols: TCP, UDP, and ICMP

port forwarding, problems with: 51.7. Server and Client Problems

SMTP requests: 46.11. Gateways and NAT

terminal, listing of types: 3.15. Terminal Setup: Searching Terminal Table

testing port (tty) numbers for terminal setup: 3.13. Terminal Setup: Testing Port

well-known, database in /etc/services: 46.2. /etc/services Is Your Friend

POSIX (Portable Operating System Interface): 1.3. The Core of Unix

Post Office Protocol (POP or POP3): 46.8. Mail — SMTP, POP, and IMAP

postfix program: 46.8. Mail — SMTP, POP, and IMAP

PostScript

converting text files to: 45.15. Converting Text Files into a Printing Language

page description language: 45.14. Printing Languages — PostScript, PCL, DVI, PDF

source file extension (.ps): 1.12. Filename Extensions

text files, converting to: 45.7. Formatting Plain Text: enscript

ppm (pixmap) format: 45.19. The Portable Bitmap Package

pr command: 21.15. Making Text in Columns with pr

45.6. Formatting Plain Text: pr

-l option (page length): 21.15.3. Order Lines Across Columns: -l

-m option (one file per column): 21.15.1. One File per Column: -m

-number option for columns: 21.15.2. One File, Several Columns: -number

sX option (setting column separator to x): 21.15.1. One File per Column: -m

t and n options: 12.13. Numbering Lines

Ðh (heading) option: 21.15.1. One File per Column: -m

precedence of operators: 32.3. Understanding Expressions

Boolean operators in Perl: 41.5.1. Scalars

predefined environment variables: 35.5. Predefined Environment Variables

preprompt commands: 4.16. Preprompt, Pre-execution, and Periodic Commands

setting: 4.16. Preprompt, Pre-execution, and Periodic Commands

previous job: 23.3. Using jobs Effectively

primary groups: 49.6. Groups and Group Ownership

primary partitions: 44.4. Disk Partitioning

print command (awk): 20.10.7. Alphabetical Summary of Commands

print function: 41.5.1. Scalars

printcap file: 45.8. Printing Over a Network

apsfilter, installing: 45.17. Converting Source Files Automagically Within the Spooler

printenv command: 24.9.4. Statistics of Processes by PID

35.3. What Environment Variables Are Good For

35.9. Shell Variables

checking for environment changes at different systems: 3.14. Terminal Setup: Testing Environment Variables

Printer Command Language (PCL): 45.14. Printing Languages — PostScript, PCL, DVI, PDF

PRINTER environment variable: 35.5. Predefined Environment Variables

printer queue, watching for errors (watchq script): 24.13. Printer Queue Watcher: A Restartable Daemon Shell Script

PRINT_EXIT_VALUE option (zsh): 35.12. Exit Status of Unix Processes

printexitvalue shell variable (tcsh): 35.12. Exit Status of Unix Processes

printf command (awk): 20.10.7. Alphabetical Summary of Commands

21.8. Centering Lines in a File

printing: 45.1. Introduction to Printing

commands without executing them (:p operator): 28.5. String Editing (Colon) Operators

30.11. Check Your History First with :p

Common Unix Printing System (CUPS): 45.18. The Common Unix Printing System (CUPS)

files, shortcut for: 28.4. Build Strings with { }

formatting plain text with enscript: 45.7. Formatting Plain Text: enscript

formatting plain text with pr: 45.6. Formatting Plain Text: pr

languages for: 45.14. Printing Languages — PostScript, PCL, DVI, PDF

converting text files into: 45.15. Converting Text Files into a Printing Language

converting typeset files into: 45.16. Converting Typeset Files into a Printing Language

lp-style commands: 45.2.2. lp-Style Printing Commands

lpc commands: 45.3. Printer Control with lpc

lpr-style commands: 45.2.1. lpr-Style Printing Commands

markup languages, formatting with: 45.13. Formatting Markup Languages — troff, LATEX, HTML, and So On

network: 45.8. Printing Over a Network

Portable Bitmap Package: 45.19. The Portable Bitmap Package

printers, configuring to share with SMB network: 47.4. SWAT and GUI SMB Browsers

over Samba: 45.9. Printing Over Samba

47.5. Printing with Samba

from Unix to Windows printer: 45.9.2. Printing to Windows Printers from Unix

to Unix printers: 45.9.1. Printing to Unix Printers from Windows

spooling system

converting source files: 45.17. Converting Source Files Automagically Within the Spooler

lp and lpr: 45.1. Introduction to Printing

spooling system for: 45.1. Introduction to Printing

symbolic links, using: 45.5. Using Symbolic Links for Spooling

typesetting: 45.10. Introduction to Typesetting

manpages with nroff commands: 45.12. Typesetting Manpages: nroff

Unix hitory of: 45.11. A Bit of Unix Typesetting History

using different printers: 45.4. Using Different Printers

priocntl command: 26.5. Know When to Be "nice" to Other Users...and When Not To

priority of processes: 26.5. Know When to Be "nice" to Other Users...and When Not To

changing with renice command: 26.7. Changing a Running Job's Niceness

Unix definition of: 26.5. Know When to Be "nice" to Other Users...and When Not To

priority ordering for processes: 23.4. Some Gotchas with Job Control

stopped jobs and: 23.7. System Overloaded? Try Stopping Some Jobs

private addresses: 46.11. Gateways and NAT

private directories: 7.5. Private (Personal) Directories

private keys (see public-key cryptography)

/proc filesystem: 24.9. The /proc Filesystem

hardware: 24.9.5. A Glimpse at Hardware

memory information: 24.9.1. Memory Information

security checks using: 48.9. The Linux proc Filesystem

/stat file (statistics on the kernel and system): 24.9.2. Kernel and System Statistics

statistics by PID: 24.9.4. Statistics of Processes by PID

statistics on current process: 24.9.3. Statistics of the Current Process

procedural programming languages, functions in: 42.3.2. Functions

procedures (awk utility): 20.10.2.2. Procedures

process groups: 24.3. Managing Processes: Overall Concepts

priority of processes in, modifying: 26.7. Changing a Running Job's Niceness

signals sent from keyboard: 24.11. Killing Foreground Jobs

process ID (PID): 4.15. External Commands Send Signals to Set Variables

24.3. Managing Processes: Overall Concepts

24.19. Why You Can't Kill a Zombie

-1: 24.14. Killing All Your Processes

kill command, feeding to: 24.12. Destroying Processes with kill

statistics of process by: 24.9.4. Statistics of Processes by PID

unique filenames, use in: 8.17. Picking a Unique Filename Automatically

zmore script (example): 35.17. Trapping Exits Caused by Interrupts

process substitution: 28.1. What's Special About the Unix Command Line

in nom script example: 33.8. nom: List Files That Don't Match a Wildcard

tee command, using with: 43.10. Redirecting Output to More Than One Place

processes

background (see background processes)

background and foreground: 23.1. Job Control in a Nutshell

chain leading to your window: 24.20. The Process Chain to Your Window

checking for security breaches: 48.6.1. Check Processes

cleaning up unkillable: 24.18. Cleaning Up an Unkillable Process

closing a window by killing its processes: 24.22. Close a Window by Killing Its Process(es)

shell script, using: 24.22.3. Closing a Window from a Shell Script

web browser (example): 24.22.2. Example #2: A Web Browser

xterm window (example): 24.22.1. Example #1: An xterm Window

commands printed in parentheses by ps: 24.8. Why ps Prints Some Commands in Parentheses

controlling process: 24.3. Managing Processes: Overall Concepts

controlling terminal: 24.6. The Controlling Terminal

creating new with fork and exec calls: 24.2. fork and exec

defined: 23.2.1. How Job Control Works

destroying with kill command: 24.12. Destroying Processes with kill

disowning: 23.11. Disowning Processes

exit status of: 35.12. Exit Status of Unix Processes

exit status returned by: 24.3. Managing Processes: Overall Concepts

foreground (see foreground processes)

interactively killing those matching a pattern: 24.16. Kill Processes Interactively

killing all: 24.14. Killing All Your Processes

killing by name: 24.15. Killing Processes by Name?

killing interactively, zap script, using: 24.16.2. zap

listing with ps command: 1.10. The Kernel and Daemons

24.5. The ps Command

managing, overview of: 24.3. Managing Processes: Overall Concepts

open files for reading from/writing to: 36.15. Overview: Open Files and File Descriptors

parent-child relationships: 35.4. Parent-Child Relationships

priority, lowering with nice command: 26.5. Know When to Be "nice" to Other Users...and When Not To

/proc filesystem: 24.9. The /proc Filesystem

hardware information: 24.9.5. A Glimpse at Hardware

statistics by PID: 24.9.4. Statistics of Processes by PID

queue by priority: 23.4. Some Gotchas with Job Control

restarting daemon shell script with kill command: 24.13. Printer Queue Watcher: A Restartable Daemon Shell Script

scheduling: 25.1. Building Software Robots the Easy Way

at command, running once with: 25.1. Building Software Robots the Easy Way

regular, periodic execution with cron: 25.1. Building Software Robots the Easy Way

signals and: 24.10. What Are Signals?

actions in response to signals: 24.10. What Are Signals?

kill-9 command, sending KILL and STOP signals: 24.10. What Are Signals?

spawning: 24.2. fork and exec

stopped vs. terminated: 23.3. Using jobs Effectively

stopping: 24.17. Processes Out of Control? Just STOP Them

terminal windows without shells: 24.21. Terminal Windows Without Shells

timing: 26.1. Timing Is Everything

tracking down with ps command: 24.7. Tracking Down Processes

-a option, on BSD systems: 24.7.2. BSD

-a option, on System V: 24.7.1. System V

-ax option on BSD: 24.7.2. BSD

-e option, on System V: 24.7.2. BSD

runaway processes: 24.7.2. BSD

Unix handling of: 23.2.1. How Job Control Works

unrelated, communicating through FIFOs: 43.11. Named Pipes: FIFOs

.profile file: 3.3. Shell Setup Files — Which, Where, and Why

bash shell: 3.3. Shell Setup Files — Which, Where, and Why

Bourne shells, testing TERM variable with case statement: 3.11. Terminal Setup: Testing TERM

CDPATH variable in: 31.5. Saving Time When You Change Directories: cdpath

hung terminal and: 5.6. Checklist: Terminal Hangs When I Log In

Korn shells: 3.3. Shell Setup Files — Which, Where, and Why

login shells: 3.4.1. Login Shells

stty commands in: 5.8. Setting Your Erase, Kill, and Interrupt Characters

terminal type, setting with qterm: 5.4. Querying Your Terminal Type: qterm

profiler (GNU gprof): 26.1. Timing Is Everything

programming, Unix (see shell scripts also shell scripts)

(see also shell scripts)

programming languages

Emacs as IDE for: 19.2. Emacs Features: A Laundry List

functions in: 42.3.2. Functions

loosely typed: 41.5. Perl Boot Camp, Part 2: Variables and Data Types

Tcl: 28.18. Expect

programming, shell (see shell scripts)

programming, Unix: 1.2. Power Grows on You

programs

aborting: 5.6.5. Aborting Programs

bin directory for: 7.4. A bin Directory for Your Programs and Scripts

environment, modifying: 35.29. Reading Files with the . and source Commands

file deletion: 14.5. Answer "Yes" or "No" Forever with yes

filename wildcards, passing to without shell interpretation: 33.3. Who Handles Wildcards?

filters: 1.5. Programs Are Designed to Work Together

links to: 36.8. Save Disk Space and Programming: Multiple Names for a Program

names of

giving multiple names with links: 35.28. Finding a Program Name and Giving Your Program Multiple Names

in error messages: 35.28. Finding a Program Name and Giving Your Program Multiple Names

periodic execution with cron: 25.2. Periodic Program Execution: The cron Facility

crontab entries, adding: 25.3. Adding crontab Entries

shortcuts to creating: 25.2.2. A Little Help, etc.

standard input, including in cron entry: 25.4. Including Standard Input Within a cron Entry

redirecting input and output of: 36.15. Overview: Open Files and File Descriptors

shells running: 27.3.1. How Shells Run Other Programs

timing: 26.2. Timing Programs

Unix: 1.4. Communication with Unix

1.6. There Are Many Shells

(see also shells)

as tools: 1.5. Programs Are Designed to Work Together

waiting for input: 5.6.3. Program Waiting for Input?

prompt shell variable: 3.4.2. Interactive Shells

4.1. Basics of Setting the Prompt

if (! $?prompt) exit test: 3.9. Gotchas in set prompt Test

setting to see aliases hidden in the ($?prompt) test: 3.9. Gotchas in set prompt Test

PROMPT_COMMAND (bash shell variable): 4.16. Preprompt, Pre-execution, and Periodic Commands

promptpid variable: 4.15. External Commands Send Signals to Set Variables

prompts: 4.1. Basics of Setting the Prompt

27.3.1. How Shells Run Other Programs

$ (dollar sign), in Bourne shell prompts: 27.3.5. Bourne Shell Used Here

blank: 4.13. What Good Is a Blank Shell Prompt?

Bourne-type shells, primary: 35.5. Predefined Environment Variables

C-shell, stray prompt problems: 4.5. C-Shell Prompt Causes Problems in vi, rsh, etc.

characters displayed in different sehlls: 1.7. Which Shell Am I Running?

current directory in, using dirs command output: 4.14. dirs in Your Prompt: Better Than $cwd

dynamic: 4.3. Dynamic Prompts

simulating: 4.4. Simulating Dynamic Prompts

external commands sending signals to set variables: 4.15. External Commands Send Signals to Set Variables

faster setting with built-ins: 4.6. Faster Prompt Setting with Built-ins

highlighting and color in: 4.10. Highlighting and Color in Shell Prompts

history number in: 30.2. History in a Nutshell

30.7. History by Number

menu prompt for naive users: 4.9. A "Menu Prompt" for Naive Users

modified, script program and: 37.8. Cleaning script Files

multiline: 4.7. Multiline Shell Prompts

preprompt commands, setting: 4.16. Preprompt, Pre-execution, and Periodic Commands

preprompt, preexecution and periodic commands: 4.16. Preprompt, Pre-execution, and Periodic Commands

PS1, PS2 variables: 35.5. Predefined Environment Variables

right-side: 4.11. Right-Side Prompts

secondary

? as: 28.9.1. A foreach Loop

Bourne shell quoting and: 27.12.4. Multiline Quoting

> as: 28.9.2. A for Loop

multiline commands and: 28.12. Multiline Commands, Secondary Prompts

session info in window title or status line: 4.8. Session Info in Window Title or Status Line

static: 4.2. Static Prompts

subshell level, showing: 4.12. Show Subshell Level with $SHLVL

typing commands at: 24.3. Managing Processes: Overall Concepts

propagating shell functions: 29.13. Propagating Shell Functions

exporting bash functions: 29.13.1. Exporting bash Functions

FPATH search path: 29.13.2. FPATH Search Path

Korn shell: 29.13.2.1. Korn shell

zsh shell: 29.13.2.2. zsh

protocols: 40.6.1. Configuring the sources.list File

(see also individual protocol names)

curl application, support of: 40.8. The curl Application and One-Step GNU-Darwin Auto-Installer for OS X

URI types: 40.6.1. Configuring the sources.list File

wget utility, support of: 40.7. Interruptable gets with wget

prune operator (find command): 14.15. Removing a Strange File by its i-number

-print operator (find command): 9.24. Finding the (Hard) Links to a File

-name operator, using with: 9.12. Finding Many Things with One Command

-prune operator (file command)

quick finds in current directory: 9.26. Quick finds in the Current Directory

-prune operator (find command): 9.25. Finding Files with -prune

preventing networked filesystem searches: 9.28. Keeping find from Searching Networked Filesystem

ps command: 24.5. The ps Command

24.7. Tracking Down Processes

-a (all) option

BSD-derived systems: 24.7.2. BSD

System V: 24.7. Tracking Down Processes

-ag options, displaying all processes on system: 24.16.2. zap

-ax option: 24.7.2. BSD

-ef options (System V): 24.5. The ps Command

-el options: 1.10. The Kernel and Daemons

AIX version of: 24.5. The ps Command

aux options (Berkeley style): 24.5. The ps Command

aux or -ef options, listing chain of processes: 24.20. The Process Chain to Your Window

checking current processes for security breaches: 48.6.1. Check Processes

checking for application running on remote display: 6.10.2. Starting a Remote Client with rsh and ssh

commands printed in parentheses: 24.8. Why ps Prints Some Commands in Parentheses

displaying programs: 5.6.5. Aborting Programs

e (everything) option: 24.7.2. BSD

grep, using with: 13.2. Searching for Text with grep

listing of command output fields: 24.5. The ps Command

in pipes: 24.5. The ps Command

runaway shell script, locating: 24.15. Killing Processes by Name?

showing all jobs with -x or -e options: 23.11. Disowning Processes

x option: 1.10. The Kernel and Daemons

zombies, listing: 24.12. Destroying Processes with kill

PS2 environment variable: 35.5. Predefined Environment Variables

pseudo-terminal: 24.6. The Controlling Terminal

pstat utility: 48.6.2. Checking Swap Space

psychotherapist program, Emacs: 19.13. An Absurd Amusement

ptbk script (for incremental backups): 38.9. On-Demand Incremental Backups of a Project

pty: 24.6. The Controlling Terminal

public directive (smb.conf): 47.2. Installing and Configuring Samba

public-domain version of Korn shell (see pdksh)

public key cryptography

authentication, not working on SSH: 51.5. General and Authentication Problems

installing key file on remote host: 51.5. General and Authentication Problems

passphrase, problems with: 51.5. General and Authentication Problems

SSL, use of: 46.6. Secure Shell (SSH)

punctuation in filenames: 1.11. Filenames

push operator (Perl): 41.5.2. Arrays

pushd command: 4.8. Session Info in Window Title or Status Line

4.14. dirs in Your Prompt: Better Than $cwd

4.14. dirs in Your Prompt: Better Than $cwd

31.7. The Shells' pushd and popd Commands

aliases for: 31.8. Nice Aliases for pushd

pushing or pulling information: 25.1. Building Software Robots the Easy Way

put command

copying files to remote host from Unix: 47.6. Connecting to SMB Shares from Unix

restoring text with vi editor: 17.6. Using Buffers to Move or Copy Text

pwd command: 10.7. Linking Directories

31.4. How Does Unix Find Your Current Directory?

PWD environment variable: 35.5. Predefined Environment Variables

storing in prompt to give current directory: 4.4. Simulating Dynamic Prompts

unsetting before using Emacs: 19.9. Unset PWD Before Using Emacs

Python: 42.1. What Is Python?

installation: 42.2. Installation and Distutils

Disutils program and: 42.2. Installation and Distutils

modules, checking for: 42.2. Installation and Distutils

overview of language: 42.3. Python Basics

functions: 42.3.2. Functions

GUIs: 42.3.6. wxPython

indentation: 42.3.1. Indentation

I/O and formatting: 42.3.5. I/O and Formatting

modules and packages: 42.3.4. Modules and Packages

objects: 42.3.3. Everything's an Object

Perl vs.: 42.10. What About Perl?

portability of: 42.1. What Is Python?

web, interacting with: 42.4. Python and the Web

cgi module: 42.8. cgi

htmllib and HTMLParser modules: 42.7. htmllib and HTMLParser

mod_python module: 42.9. mod_python

urllib module: 42.5. urllib

Copyright © 2003 O'Reilly & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved.